Про­чи­тай­те текст и за­пол­ни­те про­пус­ки A–F ча­стя­ми пред­ло­же­ний, обо­зна­чен­ны­ми циф­ра­ми 1–7. Одна из ча­стей в спис­ке 1–7 лиш­няя. За­не­си­те цифры, обо­зна­ча­ю­щие со­от­вет­ству­ю­щие части пред­ло­же­ний, в таб­ли­цу.

Research has shown a sharp fall in the number of teenagers who do Saturday jobs. It seems such a shame  — my Saturday job as a kitchen porter was something of a rite of passage. I'll never forget long hours A _________________, scouring grease off huge saucepans and griddles. Working atmosphere there helped me grow a thicker skin, develop quicker banter and, most importantly, taught me the value of hard work. It also resulted in a steady supply of cash, В _________________. I'm not the only one who has strong memories of weekend work. DJ Trevor Nelson said everyone should be able to have a Saturday job: "It taught me a lot, С _________________."

The link between the type of Saturday job a celebrity performed and their later career is sometimes obvious. Dragon's Den star and businessman Peter Jones, for example, showed early promise by starting his own business. "I passed my Lawn Tennis Association coaching exam, D _________________," he explains. "At the start I was coaching other kids, E __________________, for which I could charge £25–30 an hour. While my friends on milk rounds were getting £35 a week, I was doing five hours on a Saturday and earning four times as much."

Skier Chemmy Alcott got a job working for the Good Ski Guide, on the advertising side. "It became clear to me what my personal value to companies could be. It led directly to me finding my head sponsor ... and it offered me an eight-⁠year contract. That gave me the financial backing F _________________."

As part of its response to the Saturday job statistics, the UK Commission for Employment and Skills said a

lack of early work opportunities makes it harder for young people to acquire experience for their СVs.

1.  and things would be different if everyone was given the chance

2.  which let me know he approved of me

3.  and I persuaded my local club to let me use a court on Saturdays

4.  which I needed to become a professional skier

5.  which I would happily spend as I liked

6.  that I spent in the kitchen of a busy country pub in East Sussex

7.  but soon I got adults wanting to book lessons

Про­чи­тай­те текст и за­пол­ни­те про­пус­ки A–F ча­стя­ми пред­ло­же­ний, обо­зна­чен­ны­ми циф­ра­ми 1–7. Одна из ча­стей в спис­ке 1–7 лиш­няя. За­не­си­те цифры, обо­зна­ча­ю­щие со­от­вет­ству­ю­щие части пред­ло­же­ний, в таб­ли­цу.

In the early 1860s, trains were the preferred way to travel. They weren't particularly comfortable, however, until American engineer George Mortimer Pullman decided to make trains more luxurious.

By the late 1860s, trains furnished not only sleeping cars, but kitchen and dining facilities, where A ___________________. This was innovative for the time, and was aimed to encourage people В ___________________. The first of these Pullman trains in England ran from London to Brighton and used electricity for illumination.

In 1881, another railway entrepreneur, George Nagelmacker, introduced the use of a restaurant car onboard, and the first Orient Express train service was begun. Running from Paris to Romania the route included Strasbourg, Vienna, Budapest and Bucharest.

Thanks to the 12 mile Simplon Tunnel, С ___________________, the Orient Express expanded, including a route to Istanbul, and the legendary romance of the Orient Express was in full swing.

Everyone in the social register, including royalty, chose to travel on the wheels of that luxury hotel D ___________________ in wealthy surroundings. Legends, stories, and intrigue surrounded those trips to exotic places, and those famous people E ___________________.

Unfortunately, during World War II this luxury travel was closed for the most part, and later, after the war, F ___________________ to start it again. Within the next few years airplane travel became popular, and train passenger service declined.

1.  elegant meals were served to passengers

2.  to use trains for long distance travel and vacations

3.  who rode the train

4.  who wrote about it

5.  which connected Switzerland and Italy

6.  that served dishes and wines

7.  there was no money

Про­чи­тай­те текст и за­пол­ни­те про­пус­ки A–F ча­стя­ми пред­ло­же­ний, обо­зна­чен­ны­ми циф­ра­ми 1–7. Одна из ча­стей в спис­ке 1–7 лиш­няя. За­не­си­те цифры, обо­зна­ча­ю­щие со­от­вет­ству­ю­щие части пред­ло­же­ний, в таб­ли­цу.

Spectacular Canyon Lake is situated in the heart of the Superstition Mountains in Arizona, giving home to the Dolly Steamboat. The Dolly Steamboat, A ______________________, now cruises the secluded inner waterways of this beautiful lake. It is worth exploring this favourite destination of President Theodore Roosevelt who declared, "The Apache Trail and surrounding area combines the grandeur of the Alps, the glory of the Rockies, the magnificence of the Grand Canyon and then adds something В ______________________." You will marvel as you travel up to the national forest, which provides the most inspiring and beautiful panorama С ______________________. Every trip brings new discoveries of rock formations, geological history, and the flora and fauna distinct to the deserts of Arizona.

Once aboard the Dolly Steamboat, you may view the majestic desert big horn sheep, bald eagles and a host bird of other wildlife, waterfowl, D ______________________. Experience the unique sound harmony that is created by the waters of Canyon Lake. Stretch out and relax at one of the tables or stand next to the railings on the deck. There is plenty of leg room on the Dolly. You will get a unique chance to listen to the captain E ______________________.

All the passengers are treated with outstanding service and personal attention to every need. Feel free to ask questions, move about and mingle with the crew. So enjoy an unforgettable vacation cruise and see F ______________________ ,like a ride on Arizona's Dolly Steamboat.

1.  that nature has ever created in the wild

2.  that none of the others have

3.  hovering over the magnificent lake

4.  who retells the legends of the mysterious past

5.  for yourself why there is nothing quite

6.  who pays much attention to children's safety

7.  continuing a tradition of cruising since 1925

Про­чи­тай­те текст и за­пол­ни­те про­пус­ки A–F ча­стя­ми пред­ло­же­ний, обо­зна­чен­ны­ми циф­ра­ми 1–7. Одна из ча­стей в спис­ке 1–7 лиш­няя. За­не­си­те цифры, обо­зна­ча­ю­щие со­от­вет­ству­ю­щие части пред­ло­же­ний, в таб­ли­цу.

The Congress of the United States of America is an important part of the US federal government.

It is an assembly of elected representatives A ___________________ but not to select the chief executive of the nation; that individual is elected by the people.

Congress is not a single organization; it is a vast and complex collection of organizations B ___________________ and through which members of Congress form alliances.

C ___________________, in which political parties are the only important

kind of organization, parties are only one of many important units in Congress.

In fact other organizations have grown in number D ___________________.

The Democrats and Republicans in the House and the Senate are organized by party leaders, E __________________ within the House and Senate. The party structure is essentially the same in the House as in the Senate, though the titles of various posts are different.

But leadership carries more power in the House than in the Senate because of the House rules. F ___________________, the House must restrict debate and schedule its business with great care; thus leaders who do the scheduling and who determine how the rules shall be applied usually have substantial influence.

1.  as party influence has declined

2.  against the spirit of the Constitution

3.  being so large (435 members)

4.  empowered to make laws

5.  unlike the British Parliament

6.  by which the business of Congress is carried on

7.  who in turn are elected by the full party membership

Про­чи­тай­те текст и за­пол­ни­те про­пус­ки A–F ча­стя­ми пред­ло­же­ний, обо­зна­чен­ны­ми циф­ра­ми 1–7. Одна из ча­стей в спис­ке 1–7 лиш­няя. За­не­си­те цифры, обо­зна­ча­ю­щие со­от­вет­ству­ю­щие части пред­ло­же­ний, в таб­ли­цу.

In the early 1800s, the area that would become the western United States was completely undeveloped.

Explorers, hunters, traders, and settlers had to blaze their own trails. A _____________ to move possessions and supplies became common place.

Manifest Destiny was the belief that Americans had a God-⁠given right to take over the continent. As they moved west, settlers used this policy B ______________________ to new people and territories.

Trails increased trade opportunities between western and eastern regions, and the U.S. economy prospered C ___________________________ on each other for goods.

To achieve Manifest Destiny, the United States purchased land from other countries or conquered territory D _______________________ until its borders stretched from coast to coast.

More than one-⁠half million people chose to travel West on trails between 1800 and 1870, E _____________________.

As new technology spread across the West, however, the use of trails came to an end. The railroads built thousands of miles of tracks, and, F _____________________, a cheap, relatively safe, and quick way to transport people and supplies to western areas existed.

1.  to spread U.S. ideas and government

2.  for the first time in history

3.  thus replacing them forever

4.  as territories became interdependent

5.  the use of covered wagons

6.  by taking land from Native people

7.  forming the largest mass migration in history

Про­чи­тай­те текст и за­пол­ни­те про­пус­ки A–F ча­стя­ми пред­ло­же­ний, обо­зна­чен­ны­ми циф­ра­ми 1–7. Одна из ча­стей в спис­ке 1–7 лиш­няя. За­не­си­те цифры, обо­зна­ча­ю­щие со­от­вет­ству­ю­щие части пред­ло­же­ний, в таб­ли­цу.

This is a very unusual case, but as you will see, unusual doesn’t mean impossible.

An 18-⁠year-⁠old school girl has become the youngest mayor of a British town in history. Amanda Bracebridge, A _____________________, won leadership of Clun village council in a dramatic election last night. The tiny village only has 122 voters and Amanda won the election by just two votes from the only other candidate, 69-⁠year-⁠old Fred Gardner of the Conservative party. Amanda, B _____________________, was an independent candidate. She was surprised by her success, C _____________________. "My election promise was to make sure D _____________________," she told us. She was referring to the plans from a large company to buy up farmland and build flats there. "We live in one of the most beautiful villages in Shropshire and I want to make sure it stays that way."

Amanda, who is in her last year at nearby Bishop’s Castle High School, E _____________________ and her exams which she takes in two months. "It’s going to be a pretty busy few months," she said. "But when the exams are over I will be able to concentrate completely on helping my village".

Amanda had plans to go to university but is now going to start a year later F _____________________. "I’ve talked to Leeds University and they say my place will wait for me". And what is she going to study? Politics? "No, actually, I am going to do sociology and economics".

1.  who is not a member of any political party

2.  that our village would be protected from outside interests

3.  but it was not a total shock to her

4.  being a politics student at the university

5.  so she can do her job as mayor properly

6.  who is only just old enough to vote herself

7.  will have to find time for her work as mayor

Про­чи­тай­те текст и за­пол­ни­те про­пус­ки A–F ча­стя­ми пред­ло­же­ний, обо­зна­чен­ны­ми циф­ра­ми 1–7. Одна из ча­стей в спис­ке 1–7 лиш­няя. За­не­си­те цифры, обо­зна­ча­ю­щие со­от­вет­ству­ю­щие части пред­ло­же­ний, в таб­ли­цу.

They only appeared about ten years ago but already they are everywhere, everyone’s got one. They are the wonder of the modern age  — mobile phones, or cell phones, A _____________________. Apparently, mobile phones are now used by about 2.5 billion people worldwide, and about one billion new mobile phones are sold every year worldwide. Go back to 1997, and only 100 million were sold. As we can see, the mobile phone business B_____________________.

And the developments keep on coming. Once we could only make phone calls; now mobile phones C _____________________ and do many other useful things. Once we had to hold our mobile phones in our hand; now we can use throat microphones. What next? We are told that soon, tiny microphones will be implanted into our lips. We’ll be able to dial numbers just by saying them.

But surely we need to ask ourselves: What’s good about this? OK, we can talk to other people almost all the time now  — but is that so great? Watch and listen to people when a plane has landed. Anxious D _____________________, dial a number, and then: "It’s me, I’m here. I’ll be there in twenty minutes." Is this communication? Is this what all these years of technology have brought us to?

In the early days of communication there were letters. When they arrived at your house, you knew they had been delivered by a man E _____________________.

In those days, people would think very hard before they wrote a letter. You had to have a good reason to write  — communication was serious. Now it’s not  — people phone each other F _____________________. Once the phone was a way for people far away from each other to talk  — now it’s just an excuse to talk.

1.  has been developed very quickly

2.  not understand why they are doing it for

3.  as Americans call them

4.  riding halfway across the country on a horse

5.  just because they can

6.  can also be used to take and send photos

7.  fingers immediately switch on the mobile phone

Про­чи­тай­те текст и за­пол­ни­те про­пус­ки A–F ча­стя­ми пред­ло­же­ний, обо­зна­чен­ны­ми циф­ра­ми 1–7. Одна из ча­стей в спис­ке 1–7 лиш­няя. За­не­си­те цифры, обо­зна­ча­ю­щие со­от­вет­ству­ю­щие части пред­ло­же­ний, в таб­ли­цу.

The European Union (EU) is committed to supporting the rights of its citizens to personal and professional mobility, and their ability to communicate with each other. It does so by A _____________________ to promote the teaching and learning of European languages. These programmes have at least one thing in common: they cover cross-⁠border projects involving partners from two, and often three or more, EU countries.

The EU programmes are designed to complement the national education policies of member countries. Each government is responsible for its own national education policy, B _____________________. What the EU programmes do is to create links between countries and regions via joint projects, C _____________________.

Since 2007 the main programmes have been put under the overall umbrella of the EU’s lifelong learning programme. All languages are eligible for support under this programme: official languages, regional, minority and migrant languages, D_____________________. There are national information centres in each country, E _____________________.

The cultural programmes of the EU also promote linguistic and cultural diversity in a number of ways. The "Media" programme funds the dubbing and subtitling of European films for F _____________________. The "Culture" programme builds cross-⁠cultural bridges by supporting the translation of modern authors into other EU languages.

1.  and the languages of the EU’s major trading partners

2.  which includes language teaching and learning

3.  cinemas and television in other EU countries

4.  which enhance the impact of language teaching and learning

5.  funding a number of educational programmes

6.  and encouraging people to learn new languages

7.  where details about the application procedures are given

Про­чи­тай­те текст и за­пол­ни­те про­пус­ки A–F ча­стя­ми пред­ло­же­ний, обо­зна­чен­ны­ми циф­ра­ми 1–7. Одна из ча­стей в спис­ке 1–7 лиш­няя. За­не­си­те цифры, обо­зна­ча­ю­щие со­от­вет­ству­ю­щие части пред­ло­же­ний, в таб­ли­цу.

What are the reasons for starting your own business? One of them is because you believe you are the best in that line or because you have a product or service that has never been offered to the market before. Another is that you are a person in a real hurry and cannot suffer the A ___________ to reach your goals. Sometimes it is because you have an inheritance B _____________ soon after you set up a business or that there already is a cash purse with loose strings and you want to make the best of this bonanza.

If your reasons are any or all of the above, abandon the thought right now and save yourself the disillusionment C ____________into the world of commerce.

Start your own business just for the sake of doing a trade, or for D ___________. Do not burden yourself with lofty notions of superiority when compared to your peers. When setting out to start your own business, be emotional about it, but not impractical; don’t be led by your heart, but be dictated by your mind.

Having covered those parts that are not taught in a business school, let us look at E ____________ your own business. You should start with a SWOT analysis  — strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats  — analyze these for yourself, for partners in your business, if any, and for the business itself.

If the result of the analysis is encouraging, then prepare a business plan. It is like a road map for actions in the near foreseeable future to achieve your business goals. Finally, execute the business plan with precision; tweak it as you go along, only so that it helps to meet the end goal of successfully F _____________ the business.

1.  the essentials of starting

2.  that awaits when you step

3.  trials and tribulations of employment

4.  establishing and conducting

5.  preparing a business plan

6.  waiting to be acquired

7.  undertaking the commercial activity

Про­чи­тай­те текст и за­пол­ни­те про­пус­ки A–F ча­стя­ми пред­ло­же­ний, обо­зна­чен­ны­ми циф­ра­ми 1–7. Одна из ча­стей в спис­ке 1–7 лиш­няя. За­не­си­те цифры, обо­зна­ча­ю­щие со­от­вет­ству­ю­щие части пред­ло­же­ний, в таб­ли­цу.

Nautical archaeology is the science of finding, collecting, preserving, and studying human objects that have become lost or buried under water. It is a fairly modern field of study since it depends on having the technology to be able to remain underwater for some time to do real work. Whether it is conducted in freshwater or in the sea, A _______________________, nautical archaeology is another way of learning more about the human past.

Although some use the words nautical archaeology to mean a specialized branch of underwater archaeology, B _______________________, most consider the term to mean the same as the words underwater archaeology or marine

archaeology. All of these interchangeable terms mean simply C _______________________.

Once real trade began, it is safe to say D _______________________ was probably transported over water at some point in time. By studying submerged objects, we can learn more about past human cultures. In fact, studying ancient artifacts is the only way to learn anything about human societies E _______________________. Being able to examine the actual objects made and used by ancient people not only adds to the written records they left behind, but allows us to get much closer to the reality of what life was like when they lived. Also, if we pay close attention to how the objects were made and used, we begin to get a more realistic picture of F _______________________.

1.  that existed long before the invention of writing

2.  that nearly every object made by humans

3.  what those people were really like

4.  which is concerned only with ships and the history of seafaring

5.  that it is the study of archaeology done underwater

6.  and whether it finds sunken ships or old cities

7.  and what was discovered underwater

Про­чи­тай­те текст и за­пол­ни­те про­пус­ки A–F ча­стя­ми пред­ло­же­ний, обо­зна­чен­ны­ми циф­ра­ми 1–7. Одна из ча­стей в спис­ке 1–7 лиш­няя. За­не­си­те цифры, обо­зна­ча­ю­щие со­от­вет­ству­ю­щие части пред­ло­же­ний, в таб­ли­цу.

London has a well-⁠deserved reputation as one of the greenest cities in Europe, with a huge number of open spaces across the center of the city. Tourists A _______________________ can always relax in a lovely, quiet London park.

The Royal Parks, such as St James’s, Green Park, the Regent’s Park, Hyde Park, Richmond, Greenwich, Bushy Park and Kensington Gardens, are beautifully maintained and popular with locals and visitors alike. Many are former hunting estates of English monarchs, preserved as open space B _______________________. They are ideal places to relax and sunbathe in summer, enjoy gorgeous flower beds in spring C _______________________.

The Royal Parks provide fantastic green routes in London D _______________________ and through some of the most attractive areas of the capital. Picnics in the parks are also a popular activity especially during the busy summer months.

Dogs are welcome in all the Royal Parks, although there are some places E _______________________. These are clearly indicated within each park and are usually ecologically sensitive sites, children's play areas, restaurants, cafes and some sports areas. Ground nesting birds are particularly sensitive to disturbance by dogs and people. So it is necessary to observe the warning signs F _______________________. In Bushy Park and Richmond Park dogs should be kept away from the deer.

The Royal Parks are for everyone to enjoy.

1.  that are displayed during the nesting season

2.  while the city has grown up around them

3.  and admire the changing leaves as autumn arrives

4.  where they are not allowed or should be kept on a lead

5.  who are tired of the noise, crowds and excitement of sightseeing

6.  who does not know the route to the place of destination

7.  that take cyclists away from traffic

Про­чи­тай­те текст и за­пол­ни­те про­пус­ки A–F ча­стя­ми пред­ло­же­ний, обо­зна­чен­ны­ми циф­ра­ми 1–7. Одна из ча­стей в спис­ке 1–7 лиш­няя. За­не­си­те цифры, обо­зна­ча­ю­щие со­от­вет­ству­ю­щие части пред­ло­же­ний, в таб­ли­цу.

Wales is a small country of just over 3 million people, on the north west seaboard of Europe. Despite many historical incursions of other peoples, particularly the English, it has preserved its ancient Celtic language, A ___________________________. Welsh is habitually spoken by about 10% of the people, half understood by a further 10%, and not spoken at all by the majority in this ‘bilingual’ society.

Up to the First World War most people were Welsh speaking, especially in the mountains of North Wales. The English-⁠speaking areas were along the more fertile coastal plains. On the whole there was an easy tolerance of the two languages, B ___________________________.

By 1919 there was a considerable drop in Welsh speakers. This was due to the large flows of capital investment from England into the South Wales coalfield, C ___________________________.

Now, D ___________________________, commerce and everyday business were carried out in English.

In the rural mountain areas 80% to 85% of the population were Welsh speakers, E ___________________________. However, in the coalfield country of Glamorgan 70% spoke English only, and in its neighbour border county the figure was over 90%.

By 1931 the number of people able to speak Welsh in the whole of Wales had fallen to 37% of the population, F ___________________________. It continued to drop and reached its lowest  — 18.6%  — in the 1990s. But by the start of the 21st century, numbers had begun to increase again and reached 21.7% in 2004!

1.  as well as education and the law

2.  the only one of a number of allied languages that remain

3.  with radio and the English press further speeding the decline

4.  many being able to speak Welsh only

5.  where Welsh was studied as language and literature in an academic manner

6.  apart from the fact that Welsh was not permitted to be used at all in the schools

7.  bringing a flood of immigrant labour from all over Britain

Про­чи­тай­те текст и за­пол­ни­те про­пус­ки A–F ча­стя­ми пред­ло­же­ний, обо­зна­чен­ны­ми циф­ра­ми 1–7. Одна из ча­стей в спис­ке 1–7 лиш­няя. За­не­си­те цифры, обо­зна­ча­ю­щие со­от­вет­ству­ю­щие части пред­ло­же­ний, в таб­ли­цу.

There are places in the world where people live longer than anywhere else. The remote Japanese island of Okinawa is one of these places. While the lifespan in Britain is 77 years for men and 81 for women, Okinawa has a population of about one million, of which 900 are centenarians  — A __________________ in Britain or the USA. So what is their secret of long life?

"The calendar may say they're 80, but their body says they're 60," says Bradley Willcox, a scientist researching the extraordinary phenomenon. The research has shown hormonal differences between Okinawans and B __________________ but their longevity has been linked to diet. They eat more tofu and soya than any other people in the world and also enjoy a range of different fruit and vegetables, all rich in anti-⁠oxidants. But the most significant thing isn't what they eat but how much. The Okinawans C __________________ known as 'hara hachi bu', which translates as 'eat until you are only 80 % full'.

Scientists refer to this way of eating as 'caloric restrictions'. No-⁠one knows exactly why it works, but scientists believe it D __________________ that there is the danger of famine. This in turn E __________________ and so may lead to better preservation and slower aging.

"It's a stark contrast with the cultural habits that drive food consumption in F __________________ " says Mr. Willcox. If we look at high streets and supermarkets in most other countries, you will see that he is right. Restaurants offer all-⁠you-⁠can-⁠eat menus and supersize portions. Supermarkets are full of special offers encouraging us to buy more food than we need.

1.  make it a healthy diet

2.  other parts of the world

3.  four times higher than the average

4.  have a cultural tradition

5.  sends a signal to the body

6.  the rest of the population

7.  makes the body protect itself

Про­чи­тай­те текст и за­пол­ни­те про­пус­ки A–F ча­стя­ми пред­ло­же­ний, обо­зна­чен­ны­ми циф­ра­ми 1–7. Одна из ча­стей в спис­ке 1–7 лиш­няя. За­не­си­те цифры, обо­зна­ча­ю­щие со­от­вет­ству­ю­щие части пред­ло­же­ний, в таб­ли­цу.

Covering more than 850 km, the Portuguese coast boasts such a large number of fine, white sandy beaches that it is almost impossible to keep count. All bathed by the Atlantic Ocean and all different, their beauty is hard to describe, so there is nothing better A ______________________.

The most famous are in the Algarve. With three thousand hours of sun per year and warm waters, there are beaches to suit every taste and many dreamlike resorts. The choices are many, from sandy stretches extending as far as the eye can see B ______________________, the trade image of the region. They are always accompanied by a calm clear sea, C ______________________.

In Costa da Caparica, the beaches are particularly dear to Lisbonites D ______________________ for sun and sea bathing. There are deserted beaches here too, of a wild beauty, E ______________________ nature. In the centre, tourists will find very wide sandy stretches, to which traditional fishing adds a picturesque touch. And further north, the colder waters and the invigorating sea are tempered by the welcoming atmosphere and the clean air of the mountains and the forests.

Despite all their differences, all beaches share one thing  — quality. They are safe and offer a wide range of support and recreational services, F ______________________. And a large number of Portuguese beaches are granted the European blue flag every year, a distinction that is a sign of their excellent conditions.

1.  where one can enjoy close contact with

2.  which meet every need of their users

3.  than to discover them once for oneself

4.  who has never been to this wonderful city

5.  which is ideal for various water sports

6.  to the smaller coves, sheltered by huge cliffs

7.  who have different options around the capital

Про­чи­тай­те текст и за­пол­ни­те про­пус­ки A–F ча­стя­ми пред­ло­же­ний, обо­зна­чен­ны­ми циф­ра­ми 1–7. Одна из ча­стей в спис­ке 1–7 лиш­няя. За­не­си­те цифры, обо­зна­ча­ю­щие со­от­вет­ству­ю­щие части пред­ло­же­ний, в таб­ли­цу.

Have you ever wondered why people read? Why reading is one of the few things A _________________ for thousands of years? Even before reading became available to the general public, stories were told around campfires, passed down

from generation to generation.

First of all, stories are a good way to escape from your ordinary life, to get immersed in another world, if only for a little time. While reading, you can imagine yourself in different situations B __________________, but in the moment that doesn’t matter. Whether you’re suffering from depression or are just bored, reading is a great distraction.

Similarly, another reason people are attracted to stories, is because they are lonely, very often they feel as if they are the only ones in the world C ___________________. Identifying with a fictional character can make a big difference in helping people understand D ________________.

Other people read because it can be a good way to relax. It can be very nice to sit down and enjoy a good plot unfold, to watch the actions of fictional characters from the side, and to see the consequences of these actions,

E ______________.

Lastly, people read because it is the easiest way to gain knowledge in a certain area. Instead of finding a teacher, you can just find a book, sit down, and spend a few hours reading. This way you can study wherever you want, whenever you want F ________________.

There are countless books in the world, and whoever you are, whatever you’re feeling, there is definitely a book out there, just waiting for you to discover it.

1.  try to avoid the boredom of life

2.  that has consistently remained part of society

3.  that they are not alone

4.  going through something difficult

5.  without having to bear any responsibility

6.  that range from unlikely to impossible

7.  at your own pace

Про­чи­тай­те текст и за­пол­ни­те про­пус­ки A–F ча­стя­ми пред­ло­же­ний, обо­зна­чен­ны­ми циф­ра­ми 1–7. Одна из ча­стей в спис­ке 1–7 лиш­няя. За­не­си­те цифры, обо­зна­ча­ю­щие со­от­вет­ству­ю­щие части пред­ло­же­ний, в таб­ли­цу.

The Peter and Paul Fortress in St. Petersburg, located on small Hare Island, is the historic core of the city. The history of St. Petersburg begins with the history of the fortress.

Since 1700 Russia had been fighting the Northern War against Sweden. By 1703 the lands by the Neva River were conquered. To protect them from the attacks of the Swedes it was necessary to build a strong outpost here. The fortress was founded on Hare Island 16 (27) May, 1703 by joint plan of Peter I and French engineer Joseph-⁠Gaspard Lambert de Guerin. This day is well known A _______________________.

The fortress stretches from west to east with six bastions B _______________________. The Peter’s Gate on the east side, C_____________________, has remained since the time of Peter I. The Peter and Paul Cathedral, D _______________________ emperors and the monument of Russian baroque, was completed after the death of the emperor, in 1733. The weathervane as a golden angel with a cross, E _______________________, is one of the main symbols of the city. On the opposite side of the cathedral, there is the Mint building, constructed in the time of Paul I by architect A. Porto. Coinage was moved to the fortress F _______________________ in the time of Peter I. The Peter and Paul Fortress has never directly participated in any fighting. From the very beginning of its existence it was used as a political prison. Since 1924 the Peter and Paul Fortress has been a part of the Museum of the History of St. Petersburg.

1.  as the day of the birth of St. Petersburg

2.  which was designed by D. Trezzini

3.  which was the burial place of Russian

4.  and reminding of the rich history of the city

5.  as the most protected part of the city

6.  which is located on the spire of the cathedral

7.  that are located at the corners

Про­чи­тай­те текст и за­пол­ни­те про­пус­ки A–F ча­стя­ми пред­ло­же­ний, обо­зна­чен­ны­ми циф­ра­ми 1–7. Одна из ча­стей в спис­ке 1–7 лиш­няя. За­не­си­те цифры, обо­зна­ча­ю­щие со­от­вет­ству­ю­щие части пред­ло­же­ний, в таб­ли­цу.

A desert is defined as a place that gets less than 250 mm of rain each year. It differs sharply from the climate of a rain forest, A _________________.

Arid desert lands cover about one third of the earth’s surface. Most deserts are covered with sand, B __________________. There are also usually a lot of rocky areas. This combination of sand and rock means that the soil is not very fertile. C ___________________, some living things are able to do well in this setting. Many plants have changed and developed in ways D ________________. These changes have become apparent in a number of ways. Some plants are able to grow very quickly E ______________. They turn green and produce flowers within just a few days. Other desert plants simply stop growing in very dry weather. They appear to be dead, but when the rain returns, they come back to life and begin growing again.

Desert animals have also developed many characteristics that help them to survive in arid environment. Camels can go for a very long time without drinking. Other animals, such as snakes and rats, find cool places to sleep during the day and come out only at night. The extremely long ears of desert rabbits help them F ________________. Changes like these have allowed some animals and plants to grow and develop successfully in a very challenging ecological system: the desert.

There are countless books in the world, and whoever you are, whatever you’re feeling, there is definitely a book out there, just waiting for you to discover it.

1.  which is often in the form of hills called sand dunes

2.  whenever it rains

3.  to find water as far as 25 metres away

4.  which can receive up to 10,000 mm of rain annually

5.  to better distribute their body heat and stay cool

6.  even though the desert environment is very dry and hot

7.  that help them to live in the desert

Про­чи­тай­те текст и за­пол­ни­те про­пус­ки A–F ча­стя­ми пред­ло­же­ний, обо­зна­чен­ны­ми циф­ра­ми 1–7. Одна из ча­стей в спис­ке 1–7 лиш­няя. За­не­си­те цифры, обо­зна­ча­ю­щие со­от­вет­ству­ю­щие части пред­ло­же­ний, в таб­ли­цу.

Nevsky Prospect is the main and most famous street of St. Petersburg. The unique architectural ensemble of Nevsky Prospect was formed during the 18th  — early 20th centuries. It starts from the bank of the Neva River, runs through the centre of the city and ends at the Neva River. The whole history of St. Petersburg can be seen in the history of the avenue. Nevsky Prospect is 4.5 km long and 25-⁠60 m wide. The narrowest section is located from the Admiralty to the Moika River, A _______________________.

After the construction of the Admiralty in 1704 and the Alexander Nevsky Monastery in 1710, it was decided to build a road B _______________________ each other and with the Novgorod Path, which was used by Russian merchants. The construction began on both sides at the same time, the roads were laid through the wood, and in 1760s they were connected into one road, C _______________________, but with a turn at the Vosstaniya Square. Nevsky Prospect got its name only in 1783. The road was paved with cobble stones, D _______________________. It was the first street in St. Petersburg with gas lighting. By the early 20th century Nevsky Prospect had become the financial centre of Russia E _______________________ had their offices there.

Nowadays, Nevsky Prospect is the centre of cultural and social life of St. Petersburg. There are museums, theatres, exhibition halls, cinemas, restaurants, cafés, shops F _______________________.

1.  and hotels there or nearby the avenue

2.  showing the original width of the avenue

3.  which was not as straight as it was planned

4.  which were built by famous architects and

5.  connecting these two important structures with

6.  and a few rows of trees were planted along the street

7.  as the 40 largest banks of Russia, Europe and America

Про­чи­тай­те текст и за­пол­ни­те про­пус­ки A–F ча­стя­ми пред­ло­же­ний, обо­зна­чен­ны­ми циф­ра­ми 1–7. Одна из ча­стей в спис­ке 1–7 лиш­няя. За­не­си­те цифры, обо­зна­ча­ю­щие со­от­вет­ству­ю­щие части пред­ло­же­ний, в таб­ли­цу.

Whales use sound in very different ways. Some whales produce songs that travel over vast distances. They also use echolocation, like bats, A _____________. But other noise in the ocean creates a problem for the whales.

Since 1987, the International Fund for Animal Welfare (IFAW) has sent their research vessel Song of the Whale around the world B _____________. During the travels, the Song of the Whale scientists have developed expertise

C  _____________ to listen to and record the sounds that the animals make. This helps them to track, identify, and survey

different species.

One of the threats facing whales and other marine animals is noise pollution in the seas, such as noise from drilling, military activities, oil exploration, and coastal construction. This noise can cause great distress to whales and dolphins and can D _____________.

It is feared this noise pollution may cause mass strandings, E _____________. If the Song of the Whale team can

F _____________, then hopefully the nature and location of disturbing noise can be changed.

1.  in using underwater microphones

2.  to locate food and find their way

3.  result in injury and even death

4.  track and identify their habitats

5.  to filter out food from the water

6.  to provide a platform for marine research

7.  when large numbers come ashore

Про­чи­тай­те текст и за­пол­ни­те про­пус­ки A–F ча­стя­ми пред­ло­же­ний, обо­зна­чен­ны­ми циф­ра­ми 1–7. Одна из ча­стей в спис­ке 1–7  — лиш­няя. За­не­си­те цифры, обо­зна­ча­ю­щие со­от­вет­ству­ю­щие части пред­ло­же­ний, в таб­ли­цу.

Kamchatka is a peninsula located in the north-⁠eastern part of Russia. It is surrounded with the Okhotskoye Sea, the Beringovo Sea and the Pacific Ocean. This region has a very unique environment A ____________________ one is looking for picturesque views, unforgettable travels and unity with nature.

Kamchatka is famous for its volcanoes, B ____________________. Volcanoes are represented on Petropavlovsk-⁠Kamchatsky, the most eastern city in the northern hemisphere, coat of arms as well. There are more than 300 volcanoes

in Kamchatka, from 28 up to 36 of them are active, or potentially active. Kamchatka volcanoes are included in the list of the UNESCO World Heritage Sites.

The region is also known C ____________________  — rivers and lakes. Many Kamchatka rivers spring from mountain tops and glaciers, that is why they are very clean, and it is wonderful for those D _____________________. In general, there are up to 14 thousand rivers and streams, 100 thousand lakes and 414 glaciers in Kamchatka.

Kamchatka is a home to the Valley of Geysers, E _____________________ geysers in the world, after Icelandic geyser fields. It is not easily accessible, as long as it is too unique to be opened for tourists all the time. The Valley of Geysers’ ecosystem is very vulnerable, F _____________________ and regulate the visiting. In fact, the larger part of Kamchatka is preserved. There are many nature reserves and nature parks in Kamchatka.

1.  which are depicted on most souvenirs there

2.  so it is necessary to monitor it all the time

3.  who love fishing, including Kamchatka bears

4.  which has the second largest concentration of

5.  to be a place of many water sources

6.  to be a popular nature reserve and health resort

7.  that makes it a place to visit when

Про­чи­тай­те текст и за­пол­ни­те про­пус­ки A–F ча­стя­ми пред­ло­же­ний, обо­зна­чен­ны­ми циф­ра­ми 1–7. Одна из ча­стей в спис­ке 1–7 лиш­няя. За­не­си­те цифры, обо­зна­ча­ю­щие со­от­вет­ству­ю­щие части пред­ло­же­ний, в таб­ли­цу.

"The Life of Pi" published in 2001 is the third book by the Canadian author Yann Martel. It has A _______________________, won several prizes and been translated into forty-⁠one languages.

At the start of the book, we B _______________________ in India. His father owns the city zoo and the family home is in the zoo. When they aren’t at school, Pi and his brother help their father at the zoo and he learns a lot about animals.

When Pi is sixteen, his parents decide to close the zoo and move to Canada. They travel by ship taking the animals with them. On the way, there is C _______________________. Sadly, Pi’s family and the sailors all die in the storm, but Pi lives and finds himself in a lifeboat with a hyena, zebra, orangutan and an enormous tiger. At first, Pi is scared of the animals and jumps into the ocean. Then he remembers there are sharks in the water and decides to climb back into the lifeboat. One by one, the animals in the lifeboat kill and eat each other, till only Pi and the tiger are left alive. Luckily for Pi, there is D _______________________, but he soon needs to start catching fish. He feeds the tiger to stop it killing and eating him. He also uses a whistle and E _______________________ and show it that he’s the boss.

Pi and the tiger spend 227 days in the lifeboat. They live through terrible storms and the burning heat of the Pacific sun. They are often hungry and ill. Finally, they arrive at the coast of Mexico, but you will have to F _______________________ in the end!

1.  read the book to find out what happens

2.  some food and water on the lifeboat

3.  his knowledge of animals to control the tiger

4.  received an award for being strong

5.  sold seven million copies worldwide

6.  learn about Pi’s childhood in Pondicherry

7.  a terrible storm and the ship sinks

Про­чи­тай­те текст и за­пол­ни­те про­пус­ки A–F ча­стя­ми пред­ло­же­ний, обо­зна­чен­ны­ми циф­ра­ми 1–7. Одна из ча­стей в спис­ке 1–7 лиш­няя. За­не­си­те цифры, обо­зна­ча­ю­щие со­от­вет­ству­ю­щие части пред­ло­же­ний, в таб­ли­цу.

The man we know as Santa Claus has a history all to his own. Today, he is thought of mainly as the jolly man in red, but his story A_______________________ the 3rd century to a monk named St. Nicholas. It is believed that Nicholas was born sometime around 280 AD in modern-⁠day Turkey. Much admired for his kindness, St. Nicholas B_______________________. It is said that he gave away all of his inherited wealth and traveled the countryside helping the poor and sick. Over the course of many years, Nicholas’s popularity spread and he became known as the protector of children and sailors. His feast day C_______________________ his death, December 6. This was traditionally considered a lucky day to make large purchases or to get married. By the Renaissance, St. Nicholas was the most popular saint in Europe.

St. Nicholas first D_______________________ at the end of the 18th century. The name Santa Claus evolved from a Dutch shortened form of Sint Nikolaas. As his popularity grew, Sinter Klaas was described as everything from a jocker with a blue three-⁠cornered hat, red waistcoat, and yellow stockings to a man wearing a broad-⁠brimmed hat and a huge pair of Flemish trousers.

In the 19^th centuries big stores E_______________________ using images of the newly-⁠popular Santa Claus. In 1841, thousands of children visited a Philadelphia shop to see a life-⁠size Santa Claus model. It F_______________________ before stores began to attract children, and their parents, with the lure of a peek at the "real-⁠life" Santa Claus with his famous white beard and red gown.

1.  began to advertise Christmas shopping

2.  became the subject of many legends

3.  began dressing up unemployed men in

4.  is celebrated on the anniversary of

5.  was only a matter of time

6.  stretches all the way back to

7.  appeared in American popular culture

Про­чи­тай­те текст и за­пол­ни­те про­пус­ки A–F ча­стя­ми пред­ло­же­ний, обо­зна­чен­ны­ми циф­ра­ми 1–7. Одна из ча­стей в спис­ке 1–7 лиш­няя. За­не­си­те цифры, обо­зна­ча­ю­щие со­от­вет­ству­ю­щие части пред­ло­же­ний, в таб­ли­цу.

Brian Kane was a trash collector in Denver, Colorado. Year after year, A _______________________ Brian rode on the back of a garbage truck through the streets of this city. At each stop, he would jog quickly to the back of buildings, then drag heavy trash cans to the truck. Brian never complained  — even B _______________________ or cold wind turned his fingers into sticks of ice.

Brian saw these hardships C _______________________. His job was actually a training ground for his lifelong dream: to climb Mount Everest, the highest mountain in the world. On his thirtieth birthday, Brian took a three-⁠month leave from his job and flew to Nepal. There he began the long, difficult journey up Mount Everest. Brian first climbed to a base camp. He stayed there for a couple of weeks D _______________________. Brian had also planned to bring three oxygen canisters with him to the summit, at 29,028 feet, it would be hard to survive without extra oxygen. Over the next two months, Brian climbed to 26,000 feet, to Camp Four  — the last place to rest below the summit. But when Brian saw this camp, he gasped and fell to his knees.

"Trash!" he cried. Nearly a thousand empty oxygen canisters littered the camp area. Humans had turned this beautiful remote place into a giant trash heap. Nevertheless, E _______________________, Brian continued to follow his dream.

Two days later he stood proudly on the peak of Mt. Everest. He had reached the "roof of the world"! Two days after this great achievement, Brian stuffed a dozen empty oxygen canisters in his pack and headed down the mountain. He smiled to himself F _______________________ that the work of a trash collector is never done.

1.  to get used to the thinner air

2.  eight hours a day, five days a week

3.  as he realized

4.  sad, but determined

5.  whatever happens in the future

6.  as opportunities to become strong and fit

7.  when sweat stung his eyes

Про­чи­тай­те текст и за­пол­ни­те про­пус­ки A–F ча­стя­ми пред­ло­же­ний, обо­зна­чен­ны­ми циф­ра­ми 1–7. Одна из ча­стей в спис­ке 1–7 лиш­няя. За­не­си­те цифры, обо­зна­ча­ю­щие со­от­вет­ству­ю­щие части пред­ло­же­ний, в таб­ли­цу.

How do blind people get around safely? Some people use special guide dogs. A well-⁠trained dog knows A _________________ cross busy streets and get from place to place. Some people use long white canes to help them get around.

Guide dogs and canes are helpful, but is there a better way B _________________? A scientist in England thought so. He is a zoologist named Dean Waters who studies bats. He knows that bats are able to fly in the dark without bumping into things. Also, he knows that bats go by using sound to "see". Dr. Waters wondered C _________________ .

Bats as they fly make squeaking or clicking sounds. These sounds travel outward in waves. When the waves hit an object D _________________, they echo, or bounce back. The waves travel back to the bat’s ears. From the echoes, a bat learns the location and shape of objects around it. This is called echolocation.

Dr. Waters talked to other scientists, including Deborah Withington and Brian Hoyle. They all worked together and invented a new kind of cane. At first they called it a "bat cane" because the idea started with bats. The new cane has a computer in the handle. It sends out high sounds E _________________. The sound waves bounce off objects and echo back. This causes buttons in the handle to buzz. With a little training, a person F _________________ can tell where the objects are and can "see" with sound!

1.  for blind people to get around

2.  if people could do something similar

3.  who can hear and see well

4.  how to help his master

5.  that humans cannot hear

6.  using the cane

7.  such as a tree or a house

Про­чи­тай­те текст и за­пол­ни­те про­пус­ки A–F ча­стя­ми пред­ло­же­ний, обо­зна­чен­ны­ми циф­ра­ми 1–7. Одна из ча­стей в спис­ке 1–7 лиш­няя. За­не­си­те цифры, обо­зна­ча­ю­щие со­от­вет­ству­ю­щие части пред­ло­же­ний, в таб­ли­цу.

Jacques Cousteau was born in France in 1910. Although he was sickly as a child, he learned to swim at an early age and developed a love for the ocean. He joined the French navy in 1933, and it was there A _______________________.

Amazed at what he saw beneath the sea, he decided to build a device that would allow people to breathe underwater. In 1942, he finished the Aqua-⁠Lung, a piece of early underwater breathing equipment B _______________________.

After World War II, Cousteau began his life’s work onboard the research ship Calypso. He worked with divers and scientists to photograph and gather samples of underwater plants and animals. In doing so, he learned about many ocean creatures C _______________________.

In 1960, he successfully worked to stop nuclear waste D ______________________. He worked tirelessly

_______________________ and won many awards for his efforts. His television show, The Undersea World of Jacques Cousteau, ran from 1968 to 1976. The series helped raise awareness of the creatures who inhabit the world’s oceans. Cousteau died in 1997 at the age of 87 and is still celebrated F _______________________ of the twentieth century.

1.  from being dumped into the Mediterranean Sea

2.  that would eventually lead to the SCUBA diving gear

3.  as one of the most important explorers and environmentalists

4.  even though he became interested in exploring the ocean

5.  that he first used a pair of underwater goggles

6.  to improve the ecological conditions of the world’s oceans

7.  that had never been studied before

Про­чи­тай­те текст и за­пол­ни­те про­пус­ки A–F ча­стя­ми пред­ло­же­ний, обо­зна­чен­ны­ми циф­ра­ми 1–7. Одна из ча­стей в спис­ке 1–7 лиш­няя. За­не­си­те цифры, обо­зна­ча­ю­щие со­от­вет­ству­ю­щие части пред­ло­же­ний, в таб­ли­цу.

Russia is famous for its diversity, as well as its hospitality. The best way to show Russia to someone is to bring home something special. Matryoshka and balalaika are quite stereotypical presents. There are many other goods A _______________________.

Woolen shawls have always been popular in Russia because of cold winters. The shawls made in Pavlovsky Posad, B _______________________, are considered to be a traditional Russian gift. Woolen shawls and scarves have been made there since 1795. A wide shawl with a beautiful original pattern on it may be used like a blanket. It is nice to cover oneself up with it sitting in the armchair, watching a movie, C _______________________. The Pavlovsky Posad manufacture produces scarves for men as well. They can be bought through the Internet, or in brand stores, D _______________________.

Belyovskaya pastila is a souvenir E _______________________. It has been made since the 19th century in the town of Belyov near Tula. This is a very special kind of Russian confection. Though it is called "pastila", it is not a marshmallow style delicacy. Belyovskaya pastila is made of dried apples. After they have been dried, they are mixed with egg whites and sugar and whipped. Belyovskaya pastila is similar to a cake, F _______________________ of apples. It is considered to be a natural product, and it is not of average price. Tourists can buy this kind of sweet at some confectioner’s shops throughout Moscow.

1.  that one may buy in Moscow as a souvenir

2.  which are situated in the centre of Moscow

3.  that pleases the people with a sweet tooth

4.  although it has a slightly sour taste

5.  which is a town not very far from Moscow

6.  riding a bike around the villages in Russia

7.  reading a book, or drinking coffee or tea

Про­чи­тай­те текст и за­пол­ни­те про­пус­ки A–F ча­стя­ми пред­ло­же­ний, обо­зна­чен­ны­ми циф­ра­ми 1–7. Одна из ча­стей в спис­ке 1–7 лиш­няя. За­не­си­те цифры, обо­зна­ча­ю­щие со­от­вет­ству­ю­щие части пред­ло­же­ний, в таб­ли­цу.

Stargazing takes imagination. People who love stargazing see the stars A ____________________. They imagine lines that connect groups of stars called constellations. A constellation is a group of stars B ____________________.

The constellation Orion is known as the hunter, C ____________________. To find Orion, first find the Big Dipper. The Big Dipper looks like a huge cup with a long handle. After you find the Big Dipper, turn around. There’s Orion! He is outlined by four bright stars D ____________________. Their tips seem to come together. Where they meet, there are three more bright stars. These form Orion’s belt. Some fainter stars appear to hang from the belt. These are Orion’s sword.

There are different kinds of stars in the constellation Orion. The star Betelgeuse makes Orion’s right shoulder. Betelgeuse is an Arabic word that means "shoulder of the giant". The star itself is so huge E ____________________. Its diameter is 400 times greater than that of our Sun. Betelgeuse is considered a cool star. It is probably not as hot as our Sun. Rigel is the star F ____________________.

Rigel is much brighter than Betelgeuse because it is much hotter. It’s more than three times as hot as our Sun. However, Rigel is just a baby in size compared to Betelgeuse.

1.  that it is called a supergiant

2.  that form two triangles

3.  that makes Orion’s left foot

4.  that looks like a person, an animal, or an object

5.  after a hero of ancient Greek myths

6.  as they may form new stars

7.  as shining spots in a dot-⁠to-⁠dot drawing game

Про­чи­тай­те текст и за­пол­ни­те про­пус­ки A–F ча­стя­ми пред­ло­же­ний, обо­зна­чен­ны­ми циф­ра­ми 1–7. Одна из ча­стей в спис­ке 1–7 лиш­няя. За­не­си­те цифры, обо­зна­ча­ю­щие со­от­вет­ству­ю­щие части пред­ло­же­ний, в таб­ли­цу.

The State History Museum is the largest historical museum in Russia. It is situated at the northern end of Red Square in the heart of Moscow. What once was the Principal Medicine Store now houses a huge collection A _______________________ the Stone Age. It was founded in 1872 and opened to the public in 1883. The museum is housed in a neo-⁠Russian style building, B _______________________. It is one of the most prominent buildings in Red Square. Each room is in the style of a different period or region. The walls in some rooms are decorated in the style of Russian churches.

The impressive collection of the State History Museum includes relics of prehistoric tribes C _______________________ present-⁠day Russia. The exhibits about medieval Russia are excellent. Several rooms of this period cover the Mongol invasions D _______________________.

The 2nd floor is dedicated to the Imperial period. The exhibits include personal items of the royal family members, furniture and decoration from the palace interiors. There are also various pieces of artworks and documents from the era. Specific rooms are dedicated to the reigns of various tsars. An unexpected highlight is an exhibition E _______________________ by examining the growing network of roads and how people travelled in the past. The State History Museum has also the country’s largest coin collection, the 6th-⁠century manuscripts and artworks F _______________________ during their reign.

1.  and the consolidation of the Russian state

2.  and cave paintings of prehistoric times

3.  which is an attraction in its own right

4.  addressing the expansion of the Russian Empire

5.  that were collected by the Romanov dynasty

6.  covering Russian history since the time of

7.  that once inhabited the big territory of

Про­чи­тай­те текст и за­пол­ни­те про­пус­ки A–F ча­стя­ми пред­ло­же­ний, обо­зна­чен­ны­ми циф­ра­ми 1–7. Одна из ча­стей в спис­ке 1–7 лиш­няя. За­не­си­те цифры, обо­зна­ча­ю­щие со­от­вет­ству­ю­щие части пред­ло­же­ний, в таб­ли­цу.

Gorky Park in Moscow is one of the best recreational places. Moscow’s main city escape is not a conventional expanse of nature preserved inside the urban jungle. It is not a fun fair either, A _______________________. Its official name says it all  — Gorky’s Central Park of Culture and Leisure. That is exactly what it provides: culture and leisure in all shapes and forms. It especially attracts those B _______________________. However, people who prefer peaceful places can sail boats or catamaran or take a walk to Neskuchny Garden, located nearby. Here one can always find a quiet place.

The first recreational park of Russia was opened on the 12th of August 1928. It was designed by avant-⁠garde architect Konstantin Melnikov. There were exhibition pavilions, tennis courts, a decorative pool and attractions for kids. There was not such a place C _______________________. The park was given the name of famous Soviet writer Maxim Gorky in 1932. Since then it has been called Gorky Park.

Nowadays, Gorky Park is the central park of Moscow D _______________________ 20 thousand people on weekdays and more than 100 thousand on weekends and holidays. Since 2011 Gorky Park has become the first world-⁠class amusement park in Russia with space for rest, sport, dancing and games outside. The park offers free entrance, wi-⁠fi coverage, as well E _______________________. It is a perfect place for an active holiday, with many things to do. Gorky Park now serves F _______________________, a point of attraction for youth and families.

1.  as newly designed recreational zones

2.  though the park used to be one

3.  who enjoys cultural events and shows

4.  as a true centre of city life

5.  as this park in the world at the time

6.  and is attended by more than

7.  who like fun and entertainment

Про­чи­тай­те текст и за­пол­ни­те про­пус­ки A–F ча­стя­ми пред­ло­же­ний, обо­зна­чен­ны­ми циф­ра­ми 1–7. Одна из ча­стей в спис­ке 1–7 лиш­няя. За­не­си­те цифры, обо­зна­ча­ю­щие со­от­вет­ству­ю­щие части пред­ло­же­ний, в таб­ли­цу.

There are some places where you can expect wildfires. In California, fires burn from 50,000 to 500,000 acres of land every year. Some of the plants A _______________________ have oily sap. They can survive the dry, hot summers, but if they catch fire they explode into flame. Grasses grow thick during the spring rains and then die. They dry into a thick layer of straw B _______________________, making a very hot fire.

Fires can start wherever there’s fuel to burn. Southern California has plenty of fuel and a hot, dry wind C _______________________ between mid-⁠September and late October. This wind, called the Santa Ana, passes over the inland desert, D _______________________, and rushes toward the ocean to the west. The Santa Ana wind fans the flames and makes fighting the fires nearly impossible.

In 1988, Wyoming’s Yellowstone National Park was burned by several fires at once. Lightning struck in two places. A worker dropped a lit cigarette in another place. On the worst day of fire, more than 600 square kilometers of forest burned. Clouds of smoke E _______________________ rose into the atmosphere. Smoke blocked the sun and drifted far beyond the park.

Firefighters work hard to control fires like those in Yellowstone and California, F _______________________. But long before humans learned how to start or put out a fire, prairies and forests burned every year. Both kinds of land recovered, as they have in Yellowstone and in California.

1.  that burns fast

2.  many of which are caused by people

3.  that blows every year

4.  wherever lightning strikes

5.  that looked like storm clouds

6.  that live there

7.  its air losing moisture and gaining heat